Staging of cancer

     The staging of malignant tumors helps to formulate a reasonable treatment plan, correctly evaluate the curative effect and judge the prognosis of treatment. The TNM staging method proposed by the International Anti-Cancer Alliance is currently a widely used staging method. In the TNM staging system, T refers to the primary tumor, N refers to the lymph node, and M refers to distant metastasis.

    T staging (Tumor) represents the degree of tumor development and can be divided into:

    TX cannot find the primary tumor or define the stage;

    T0 has no primary tumor;

    Tis carcinoma in situ;

    T1-T4 are based on tumor size and growth and spread;

    N staging (LymphNode) means that the lymph nodes are divided into:

    NX cannot determine the stage of lymph node influence;

    N0 Cancer cells without local lymph node metastasis;

    N1-N3 lymph node metastasis;

    

    M stage (Migration) is divided according to the situation of remote transfer:

    MX cannot determine the stage of the remote transfer;

    M0 no remote transfer occurred;

    M1 has produced a remote transfer;

    Different combinations of T, N, and M are diagnosed at different stages, and the TNM staging standards for various tumors are agreed by various professional conferences.

    The treatment and prognosis of some tumors are related to the pathological grade or depth of invasion, so other staging methods can also be used.